Environmental Formulas
Environmental science formulas for air quality index, greenhouse gas emissions, carbon footprint, population growth, and decay rates.
Penman-Monteith Evapotranspiration Formula
Calculate reference evapotranspiration using the FAO Penman-Monteith equation. Essential for irrigation planning and water management.
Rational Method Runoff Formula
Calculate peak stormwater runoff using the Rational Method (Q = CiA). Used in drainage design, flood management, and civil engineering projects.
Reference Evapotranspiration Formula (Penman-Monteith)
Calculate reference evapotranspiration (ET0) using the Penman-Monteith equation. Essential for irrigation scheduling and crop water demand estimation.
Carbon Sequestration Rate Formula
Estimate CO2 sequestered by trees using species, age, and diameter inputs. Average tree absorbs 22 kg CO2 per year — returns annual and lifetime carbon uptake.
Dissolved Oxygen Saturation Formula
Calculate the maximum dissolved oxygen concentration in water based on temperature. Critical for aquatic health, fisheries, and water quality monitoring.
Water Footprint Formula
Calculate total water footprint including direct, indirect, blue, green, and grey water. 1 kg of beef uses about 15,400 liters.
Carbon Footprint Formula
Calculate CO2 emissions from energy use, travel, and consumption. Learn the key formulas for estimating your carbon footprint.
Air Quality Index (AQI) Formula
Reference for the EPA AQI formula and PM2.5, PM10, ozone, CO, SO2, and NO2 breakpoints. Explains the 0-500 scale from Good to Hazardous with health guidance.
Carbon Footprint Formula
Reference for carbon footprint formulas. Estimate CO2 from energy use, travel, food, and consumption in tonnes of CO2 equivalent with worked examples.
Heat Index Formula
Reference for the Rothfusz heat index formula using temperature in °F and humidity to calculate apparent temperature. Covers NWS danger zones.
Stream Discharge Formula
Reference for stream discharge formula Q = A × v giving flow rate in m³/s or CFS. Covers Manning equation, flood prediction, and hydrology applications.
Wind Chill Formula
Reference for the NWS wind chill formula WCT = 35.74 + 0.6215T - 35.75V^0.16 + 0.4275TV^0.16. Returns apparent temperature and frostbite risk.